Friday, September 13, 2019

Ganesha - Reviving the series - 8

Lord Ganesha has been the subject for fascination of many over the time. Be it any period, any region or even religion his distinct form – elephant head and pot belly has attracted innumerable stories. Compared to other gods who are usually seen as handsome and well built, Lord Ganesha has always been a representation of accumulation. He has been associated with wisdom and knowledge – the two features that grant him fluidity even in moments of distress.

There are so many stories linked to Lord Ganesha displaying his prowess over others – even Lord Shiva and Vishnu. There are stories in the Ganpatya texts and Ganapati Purana that are full of Ganesha’s playfulness and supremacy over others. One such story goes like this –

Once Ganesha passed by the Kshirasagar – the abode of Lord Vishnu. Being a kid, he was fascinated by the ocean of milk. He decided to drink it and used his trunk to suck it all. Such was the force that he drank everything including Lakshmi, Sheshnag, Brahma and Vishnu himself. And then later just like a kid he spat out everything. Everyone was violently thrown to the ground when Ganesha spit the milk. Vishnu realizing his lost conch, approached Shiva to propitiate it for him from Ganesha. Shiva advised Vishnu to build a shrine for Ganesha in Kanchipuram to please him and get his conch back.

In yet another story, Ganesha follows the orders of his father – Shiva to persuade the ruler of Kashi – Divodasa to move out and make place for Shiva and Parvati. In many of the story versions, Ganesha utilizes the different ways to either curse or spread illusion amongst the people of Kashi. The people of Kashi and the ruler became so fearful of Ganesha that they vacated the city for Shiva and Parvati.


There is another story wherein Ganesha plays an important role in stopping Ravana from carrying the Shiva linga to Lanka. Ganesha conspired with Varuna, the god of water to force Ravana to hand over the idol to a little boy(Ganesha himself). The boy knowingly established the linga at a place causing Ravana’s wrath of fury. Ravana upon his return noticed the idol situated in ground, tried his best to pull it it out, thus giving it a longer shape that of a cow’s ear. This jyotirling is today known as Mahabaleshwar. Ravan in his fury tried to hit Ganesha, an attempt which caused a slight dent on the deity, which is still observable on the jyotirlinga today.

Ganesha is known to be an awesome scribe. He is known to be the fastest writer ever. When Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa approached Brahama with his wish to pen down the epic of Mahabharata and requested for a scribe, Brahma directed him to Ganesha. Lord Ganesha was pleased with Vyasa’s idea and prayers. However, he agreed on the condition that Vyasa must recite the verses without a pause. Vyasa having understood the trickery in this ask of Ganesha and realizing the speed of Ganesha as a scribe, agreed to bargain with an condition that Ganesha would write the verse only when he understood the meaning fully. To slow down Vyasa introduced couplets that have as many as 108 or more meanings. These couplets can still be found in the epic. The duo – Ganesha and Vyasa took over three years to complete the epic with over 100,000 verses.


It is also said that while reciting the Mahabharata, Vyasa realized that the epic needs to be broken down into various sections and possibly led to creation of the puranas. Yet while pulling his thoughts together he often lost track of them. Vyasa remembered Brahma for help who pointed out that vyasa had missed to recognize Ganesha at the start of every section. Thus, Vyasa started every section with “Om Shri Ganeshay Namah”. And leter created the Ganesha Purana.

In one more story, Ganesha was once having fun playing his mridagam. In his fun, he was loud and thus disturbed Shiva’s meditation. Shiva – known to be angry and happy in no time, was angry at Ganesha and broke his mridangam with the trident. Did it stop Ganesha? Ask yourself – NO. Ganesha thus invented the world’s first split tabla!





Ganesha’s stories are infinite and have been around forever. They will increase with time and people. Every mind deciphers them to their ability and spreads what’s important to them. This is probably the first and foremost reason for the ever-increasing popularity of our beloved Ganesh. Love him like a kid or pray to him as a mighty god or even invoke him to remove all obstacles – Ganesha is to be found everywhere.

Sunday, September 8, 2019

Ganesha - Reviving the series - 7

We have all heard so many names for Lord Ganesha. Each name signifies the form and a particular characteristic of the god. Some times, the god is referred to by a name that connects with the culture and the mindset of the people. Hence the demographics of the devotees plays an important role in naming the god himself who is above and beyond the divisions of the human mind. This is mostly done for the sole reason of being able to connect with him and internalize him within ourselves.



A small synopsis of 108 names of Ganesha and their meaning is thus provided below to be able to understand a little more - 

  1. Akhurath: One who has mouse as his charioteer
  2. Alampata : Ever eternal lord
  3. Amit : Incomparable lord
  4. Anantachidrupamayam: Infinite and consciousness   personified
  5. Avaneesh: Lord of the whole world
  6. Avighna: Remover of obstacles
  7. Balaganapati: Beloved and lovable child
  8. Bhalchandra: Moon-crested lord
  9. Bheema: Huge and Gigantic
  10. Bhudhividhata: God of knowledge
  11. Bhupati: Lord of the gods
  12. Bhuvanpati: God of the gods
  13. Buddhinath: God of wisdom
  14. Budhipriya: Knowledge bestower
  15. Chaturbhuj: One who has four arms
  16. Devadeva: Lord of all lords
  17. Devantakanashakarin: Destroyer of evils and asuras
  18. Devarata: One who accepts all gods
  19. Devendrashika: Protector of all gods
  20. Dharmik: One who gives charity
  21. Dhoomravarna: Smoke-Hued lord
  22. Durja: Invincible lord
  23. Dvaimatura: One who has two mothers
  24. Ekaakshara: He of the single syllable
  25. Ekadanta: Single-Tusked lord
  26. Ekadrishta: Single-Tusked lord
  27. Eshanputra: Lord Shiva’s son
  28. Gadadhara: One who has the mace as his weapon
  29. Gajakarna: One who has eyes like an elephant
  30. Gajanana: Elephant-Faced lord
  31. Gajananeti: Elephant-Faced lord
  32. Gajavakra: Trunk of the elephant
  33. Gajavaktra: One who has mouth like an elephant
  34. Ganadhakshya: Lord of all Ganas (Gods)
  35. Ganadhyakshina: Leader of all the celestial bodies
  36. Ganapati: Lord of all Ganas (Gods)
  37. Gaurisuta: The son of Gauri (Parvati)
  38. Gunina: One who is the master of all virtues
  39. Haridra: One who is golden colored
  40. Heramba: Mother’s Beloved son
  41. Kapila: Yellowish-Brown coloured
  42. Kaveesha: Master of poets
  43. Kripalu: Merciful lord
  44. Krishapingaksha: Yellowish-Brown eyed
  45. Krti: Lord of music
  46. Kshamakaram: The place of forgiveness
  47. Kshipra: One who is easy to appease
  48. Lambakarna: Large-Eared lords
  49. Lambodara: The huge bellied lord
  50. Mahabala: Enormously strong lord
  51. Mahaganpati: Omnipotent and supreme lord
  52. Maheshwaram: Lord of the universe
  53. Mangalamurti: All auspicious lord
  54. Manomay: Winner of hearts
  55. Mrityunjaya: Conqueror of death
  56. Muktidaya: Bestower of eternal bliss
  57. Mundakarama: Abode of happiness  57
  58. Mushikvahana: One who has mouse as charioteer
  59. Nadapratithishta: One who appreciates and loves music
  60. Namasthetu: Vanquisher of all evils and vices and sins
  61. Nandana: Lord Shiva’s son
  62. Nideeshwaram: Giver of wealth and treasures
  63. Omkara: One who has the form of OM
  64. Pitambara: One who has yellow-colored body
  65. Pramoda: Lord of all abodes
  66. Prathameshwara: First among all
  67. Purush: The omnipotent personality
  68. Rakta: One who has red-colored body
  69. Rudrapriya: Beloved of lord Shiva
  70. Sarvadevatman: Acceptor of all celestial offerings
  71. Sarvasiddanta: Bestower of skills and wisdom
  72. Sarvatman: Protector of the universe
  73. Shambhavi: The son of Parvati
  74. Shashivarnam: One who has a moon like complexion
  75. Shoorpakarna: Large-eared Lord
  76. Shuban: All auspicious lord
  77. Shubhagunakanan: One who is the master of all virtues
  78. Shweta: One who is as pure as the white colour
  79. Siddhidhata: Bestower of success and accomplishments
  80. Siddhipriya: Bestower of wishes and boons
  81. Siddhivinayak: Bestower of success
  82. Skandapurvaja: Elder brother of Skanda (Lord Kartik)
  83. Sumukha: Auspicious face
  84. Sureshwaram: Lord of all lords
  85. Swaroop: Lover of beauty
  86. Tarun: Ageless
  87. Uddanda: Nemesis of evils and vices
  88. Umaputra: The son of goddess Uma (Parvati)
  89. Vakratunda: Curved trunk lord
  90. Varadavinayaka: Bestower of Success
  91. Varaganapati: Bestower of boons
  92. Varaprada: Granter of wishes and boons
  93. Veeraganapati: Heroic lord
  94. Vidyavaridhi: God of wisdom
  95. Vighnahara: Remover of obstacles
  96. Vighnaraja: Lord of all hindrances
  97. Vighnarajendra: Lord of all obstacles
  98. Vighnavinashanaya: Destroyer of all obstacles and impediments
  99. Vignaharta: Demolisher of obstacles
  100. Vigneshwara: Lord of all obstacles
  101. Vikat: Huge and gigantic
  102. Vinayaka: Lord of all
  103. Vishwamukha: Master of the universe
  104. Vishwaraja: King of the world
  105. Yagnakaya: Acceptor of all sacred and sacrificial offerings
  106. Yashaskaram: Bestower of fame and fortune
  107. Yashvasin: Beloved and ever popular lord
  108. Yogadhipa: The lord of meditation

Saturday, September 7, 2019

Ganesha - Reviving the series - 6


There have been multiple rather innumerable incarnations of Lord Ganesha. However, as per the GaneshaPurana, there is an important incarnation in every epoch.

In the Treta yuga or the golden age, Ganesha is known to be golden-hued and ten-armed mounted on a lion.

In the Dwayapa yuga associated with silver, Ganesha appeared as white-colored and six-armed riding a peacock. 


In the copper age or the Dwapara yuga which is the cosmic age prior to the present Kaliyuga, Ganesha defeated the red demon Sindura. The copious outpouring of blood turned the elephant headed deity red, daubed with the essence of Sindura. 

The fourth manifestation that is yet to come in this present Kaliyuga or iron age. The form of Ganesha, expected to return as a black two-armed horse rider to destroy the confusion, terrorism, negativity and all dark powers. His name will be Dhumraketu. 

Despite his many names and forms, Ganesha is regarded above all as an aspect of the only God. Each of his manifestation is said to represent a particular aspect of the absolute godhead. He is a luminous statement of unity in diversity. 


And in every form and incarnation, Ganesha addresses the broadest and deepest issues of the human condition.

In addition, eery form of Ganesha has a color attached to it as well - an idea for another day!

Friday, September 6, 2019

Ganesha - Reviving the series - 5

When we talk about Lord Ganesha, how can we miss the multitude of stories linked with his birth?

I did touch upon the same topic in my last series on Ganesha, but the interest just keep growing with the day and the stories associated with the same.

There are multiple stories putting Shiva and Parvati in different situations resulting in the birth of Lord Ganesha. Some stories indicate that Shiva and Parvati were in such compassion that the entire universe was afraid. Due to their fear, they allowed the offspring to have a mixed feature set - a human and an elephant. The other story says that Parvati was so moved by the elephants that she requested Shiva to take the form of an elephant and this lead to Ganesha. In yet another story, Pavati is said to be attracted to her own son - Ganesha and hence Shiva punishes him just like Brahma by chopping his head off, later replacing the same with that of an elephant at the behest of Parvati. In another version, Parvati yearns for a baby and requests Shiva for the same. Shiva creates a doll out of clothes that comes to life with the love from Parvati.

All of these stories have a little diversion from the popular stories we all have heard of Ganesha being created as a doll and brought to life by Parvati. Shiva cut Ganesha's head unknowingly, while the latter was only following his mother's orders.



All in all, every text iterates that Ganesha was his mother's son and has more resemblance to her. The different stories have one central idea - Ganesha was born out of Parvati's yearning, compared to Shiva's compassion. Parvati wanted the child more than Shiva and even offered him to get back to his mediation but leave the child for her. The lack of compassion from Shiva, is probably the reason for Ganesha's other name - Vinayaka = Vin + nayaka - without the nayaka.

The very idea of Ganesha being only Parvati's child opens up a pandora's box in today's social structure. The idea hints towards a matriarchal society at the same time, converts Parvati into Maa Gauri and Shiva into Shankara. The idea transforms a sanyasi into a grihastha or a householder emphasizing the role of a householder in propagating the mother nature. The idea also propentiates the importance of engagement with the nature to understand it. While Shiva withdrew himself from the confines of the household, Parvati tied him in the form of Shankara. And Ganesha is a reminder of the same fact.

To resolve a problem, one must involve themselves with it rather than looking at it from outside. Only when you imbibe the issue into yourself, will you realize the way to get out of it. Ganesha helps in both ways and hence is also known as Vighnharta.

Thursday, September 5, 2019

Ganesha - Reviving the series - 4

On the fourth day of the celebration and the series, I want to reflect upon the symbolism emanating from the form of Ganesha.


Of all the gods, Ganesha has been adored like a baby, respected as a king and is also revered as a great scribe. Lord Ganesha has so much to offer that the various philosophers have deduced different ideas for him.

The above image, though displays quite a comprehensive understanding of the meaning of Ganesha in our lives.

Ganesha - Reviving the series - 3

While we are all celebrating Ganesh Chaturthi in the month of Bhadrapada, there is another festival - Ganesha Jayanti which is celebrated much in the same way int he month of Magha. Both the festivals fall on the fourth day of the waxing moon. India being an agricultural land, all the festivals have a relation with the cultivation seasons. Ganesh Chaturthi marks the start of the new vegetation - Kharif, and the Ganesha Jayanti marks the start of the other season - Rabi.

In addition to the Ganesha Jayanti and Ganesh Chaturthi, a their important season for the Ganesha devotees was established recently in 1985 as a Hindu alternate to Christmas and Jewish Hannukah in the month of December. The festival known as Pancha Ganapati is celebrated from December 21 to December 25. The festival was initiated by  Sivaya Subramuniyaswami (born Robert Hansen), a Western convert to Hinduism who founded the magazine Hinduism Today and the Saiva Siddhanta Church, headquartered in Hawaii.

During each of the five days of Pancha Ganapati, the entire family focus on a special spiritual discipline, or, sadhana. Because of the festival’s importance as a new beginning and mending of all past mistakes, a shrine is created in the main living room of the home and decorated in the spirit of this festive occasion. At the center is placed a large wooden or bronze five-faced statue of Lord Pancha Ganapati.
 

Lord Ganesha is often depicted as coming from the forest; therefore, pine boughs (or banana leaves) may be used. Flashing lights, tinsel and colorful hanging ornaments may also be added. Each morning the children dress or decorate Ganesha in a different color: golden yellow on December 21, then royal blue, ruby red, emerald green and finally brilliant orange. These are the colors of His five powers, or shaktis.

December 21 (Golden Yellow)
The family sadhana for the first day of Pancha Ganapati is to create a vibration of love and harmony among immediate family members. The family sits together for the purpose of easing any strained relationships that have arisen during the year. They make amends one with another for misdeeds performed, insults given, mental pain and injuries caused and suffered. When forgiveness is offered to all by one and all, they speak of each other’s good qualities and resolve that in the days ahead they will remember the futility of trying to change others and the practicality changing one’s self to be the silent example for all to witness. Gifts are then exchanged and placed unopened before Pancha Ganapati.As the family writes on the doorstep, they pray for well being in the house.

December 22 (Royal Blue)
Day two is devoted to creating a vibration of love and harmony among neighbors, relatives and close friends and presenting them with heartfelt gifts. The sadhana of the day is to offer apologies and clear up any misunderstandings that exist. Relatives and friends in far-off places are written to or called, forgiveness is sought, apologies made and tensions released.

December 23 (Ruby Red)
The sadhana for the third day is to create a vibration of love and harmony among business associates, the casual merchant and the public at large. This is the day for presenting gifts to fellow workers and customers and to honor employers and employees with gifts and appreciation. The sadhana today is the settling of all debts and disputes.

December 24 (Emerald Green)
The sadhana of day four is to draw forth the vibration of joy and harmony that comes from music, art, drama and the dance. Family, relatives and friends gather for satsang to share and enjoy their artistic gifts. Then all sit together before Ganesha, Patron of Arts and Guardian of Culture, discussing Hindu dharma and making plans to bring more cultural refinements into the home.

December 25 (Brilliant Orange)
The family sadhana for the final day is to bring forth love and harmony within all three worlds. Because of sadhanas well performed during the first four days, the family is now more open and aware of Ganesha’s grace, and their love for Him is now overflowing. On this day the entire family experiences an outpouring of love and tranquility from the great God Himself. His blessings fill the home and the hearts of everyone within it, inspiring them anew for the coming year.

Ganesha - Reviving the series - 2

Yesterday's post had a few images of Lord Ganesha. And it is well known that Ganesha has taken so many forms on his own and through the minds of the people who adore him. We realized that the reasons for such fluidity and shape-shifting nature of Ganesha comes from the very form of his own body -

  • The firm and large head displaying the highly developed mind
  • The large rather huge potbelly displaying the abundance and prosperity. At the same time, the roundness of the belly signifies the pot beholding water or nectar of life. Any science student shall tell you that the liquid takes the form of the vessel it is kept in.
Thus with just the two ideas above, people have created various forms of Ganesha. 

 

The Mudgala Purana mentions 8 forms of Lord Ganesha - 
  1. Vakratunda (God with a curved trunk) - rides a lion to kill Matsara, the demon of Jealousy
  2. Ekdanata (God with one tusk) - rides a rat to kill Mada, the demon of vanity
  3. Mahodara (God with large belly) - rides a rat to kill Moha, the demon of attachment
  4. Gajanana (God with elephant head) - rides a rat to kill Lobha, the demon of greed
  5. Lambodara (God with pot belly) - rides a rat to kill Krodha, the demon of rage
  6. Vikata (God with deformed body) - rides a peacock to overpower Kama, the lord of lust
  7. Vighnaraja (Master of obstacles) - rides a serpent to kill Mama, the demon of self indulgence
  8. Dhumravarna (Smoke colored god) - rides a rat to kill Ahamkara, the demon of arrogance

Looking at the demons who are killed or overpowered by the different forms of Ganesha, we realize that these are the ones that have always been condemned in our scriptures. These are the feelings that one must detach from to lead an ascetic life or to get closer to God. These feelings are in everyone and are part of nature. They are the distractions from the path of knowledge. We need to be able to find our path even while being entangled into their web. And we pray to Lord Ganesha to help us see the way and cut each web with his power.

Similar sentiments were echoed by Ravana when he was questioned by Maharaja Bali. Read my post on Ravana's ten heads.

In the 19th century, a Wodeyar king of Mysore, ordered the court scholars to make a comprehensive list of all the images of gods known at that time. The compilation was known as Sri-Tattva-Nidhi and was written in Kannada. This compilation has 32 forms of Ganesha - 

  1. Bala Ganapathi: The child-like Ganesha
  2. Taruna Ganapathi: The youthful Ganesha
  3. Bhakti Ganapathi: The devotion-worthy Ganesha
  4. Veera Ganapathi: The valiant Ganesha
  5. Shakti Ganapathi: Ganesha with his strength seated in female form on his left lap
  6. Dvija Ganapathi: Twice born or student Ganesha
  7. Siddhi Ganapathi: The accomplished Ganesha
  8. Ucchishta Ganapathi: The Ganesha who accepts offerings
  9. Vighna Ganapathi: The obstacle-removing Ganesha
  10. Kshipra Ganapathi: The quick acting Ganesha
  11. Heramba Ganapathi: The fierce Ganesha
  12. Lakshmi Ganapathi: Ganesha with the goddess of wealth
  13. Maha Ganapathi The great Ganesha
  14. Vijaya Ganapathi: The triumphant Ganesha
  15. Nritta Ganapathi: The dancing Ganesha
  16. Urdhva Ganapathi: The restrained Ganesha
  17. Ekakshara Ganapathi: The single syllable Ganesha
  18. Vara Ganapathi: The boon bestowing Ganesha
  19. Tryakshara Ganapathi: The three syllable Ganesha
  20. Kshipraprasaada Ganapathi: The hastily benevolent Ganesha
  21. Haridra Ganapathi: The golden Ganesha
  22. Ekadhanta Ganapathi: The one-toothed Ganesha
  23. Srishti Ganapathi: The cosmic Ganesha
  24. Udanda Ganapathi: The disciplinarian Ganesha
  25. Ranamochana Ganapathi: The debt-redeeming Ganesha
  26. Dundi Ganapathi: The desired Ganesha
  27. Dvimukha Ganapathi: Two-headed Ganesha
  28. Trimukha Ganapathi: Three-headed Ganesha
  29. Simha Ganapathi: Lion-riding Ganesha
  30. Yoga Ganapathi: Ganesha as yogi
  31. Durga Ganapathi: Invincible Ganesha
  32. Sankatahara Ganapathi: The problem-solving Ganesha







I request you all to be cognizant and try to see the Ganesha idol in one of the above forms.